Blackheads can often occur from teenage years into adulthood. They are a type of acne caused by abnormalities in the hair follicle pores. These blackheads resemble clogged pores and often come with small clusters of fine hairs.
They often contain multiple fine hairs embedded within the clogged pore and appear as tiny black dots on the skin or as small, spike-like protrusions from the pores. These are commonly found on the tip of the nose, forehead, cheeks, and chin. Simply put, they are dead skin cells trapped inside the pores.
Causes of blackheads
- Clogging of the sebaceous gland ducts
- Excessive oil (sebum) production
- Ingrown hair blockage
How to treat blackheads
- Using pore strips to remove blackheads
This method is very popular because it’s inexpensive and gives instant results. It can remove some blackheads, but not completely, and it cannot reach all areas. However, it should be used with caution as the chemicals in the strips may cause allergic reactions. - Using a comedone extractor
This tool can be used to press out blackheads. If it’s a true blackhead, a small, round, black plug of oil will come out. If it’s the hair-clog type, you’ll see a cluster of fine hairs. This method should be used carefully as it may irritate the skin. - Using retinoid-based products
Retinoids help dissolve clogged sebum, reduce the clumping of skin cells, and promote skin cell turnover at the pores. This helps prevent new blackheads from forming and makes existing ones easier to remove. - Egg white mask
A popular home remedy. Apply a thin layer of egg white on the nose or cheeks, then place a single layer of tissue or blotting paper over it. Let it dry, then peel it off. Some blackheads will come out with the paper. - Lemon juice method
Lemon contains AHA, which helps remove dead skin cells and encourages new ones. It also cleanses pores, softens blackheads, and makes them easier to extract. - Laser treatment for blackheads
Laser can remove more than 50% of visible blackheads and, with repeated sessions, may eliminate nearly all. However, it does not shrink large pores, which means blackheads may return.
Preventing blackheads
You should avoid factors that trigger enlarged pores and irritation to the pores, such as facial massages, scrubbing, or rubbing the face too harshly. The best prevention method is to use topical treatments like vitamin A acid (retinoids) and benzoyl peroxide to help prevent blackheads.
After cleansing your face, you should use an oil-free toner to remove any remaining impurities. You may also exfoliate using fruit acid peels to get rid of dead skin cells—at least once a week or every two weeks. Avoid squeezing or pressing pimples yourself, as this can lead to inflammation and spreading of infection. People with oily skin are more prone to blackheads due to enlarged sebaceous glands and excessive oil production, which easily clogs pores. Therefore, reducing facial oiliness can help prevent blackheads.
